How to Know if You Have Sominala

Salmonella

Salmonella is one of the most common types of food poisoning caused by bacteria. Information technology usually means stomach cramps and diarrhea that lasts four to seven days. It can exist more serious for some people.

Overview

What is salmonella?

Salmonella is 1 of the most common types of food poisoning acquired by bacteria in the U.s.. The The states Centers for Disease Command gets about 42,000 reports of salmonella each twelvemonth. Experts there believe the total number of cases actually may be more than i.two million. Salmonella is more than mutual in the summertime than the winter.

Salmonella usually is a brief illness with tum cramps and diarrhea that lasts four to vii days. In some people, the diarrhea can be severe or concluding longer. In general, children are more than likely to become salmonella than other age groups.

Who is at risk for severe salmonella?

Older people (historic period 65 and older)
Infants
People with weak immune systems (cancer patients, delicate elderly people, people with HIV or AIDS).
People with inflammatory bowel disease (Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn'southward Disease)

Symptoms and Causes

How does a person become salmonella?

Salmonella are a type of bacteria that can live in the digestive tract (intestines) of humans and other animals. Salmonella can pass out of the intestines into poop (feces/stool). A person tin become infected with Salmonella by:

Eating undercooked foods contaminated with animal feces.
- Cooking nutrient destroys Salmonella. Eating raw or undercooked beef, poultry (like chicken or duck), and seafood are a risk. Foods that contain raw eggs also are a adventure (like cookie dough or homemade mayonnaise).
- Milk and unwashed, raw vegetables and fruit besides tin can carry Salmonella.
Eating nutrient prepared on surfaces that were in contact with raw meat (such as a cutting board, or countertop).
Eating foods contaminated with man feces.
- This tin happen if a nutrient worker does not wash his or her hands before handling food.
Holding, kissing or petting turtles, snakes, lizards, chicks and baby birds.
- These animals are likely to carry Salmonella. People can get infected if they do non wash their hands afterwards they handle these animals or touch their feces or environment (cage, pen, ground, etc.).
- FYI: In 1975 the US Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of minor turtles in the United States because of the risk of salmonella.

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

Diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps that develop 12 to 72 hours later infection
Headache
Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite

Diagnosis and Tests

How is salmonella diagnosed?

Salmonella symptoms are vague and tin can exist caused by many illnesses. The merely manner to know for sure that diarrhea, cramps, and fever are caused by Salmonella infection is by a lab test on the ill person's stool.

There are more than 2,000 unlike types of salmonella leaner that cause people to get sick. Sure antibiotics do not work against some of these types. If the sick person goes to the dr., the md may club additional lab tests on the leaner in the stool sample to place the type of salmonella. This information will aid the doctor decide what antibody to use if that person needs treatment.

Direction and Treatment

What is the treatment for salmonella?

About people with salmonella recover in four to seven days and practice non demand treatment. During the illness, the person should drink enough of fluids to replace the fluid lost by diarrhea.

A person who has astringent diarrhea or is ill for longer than a calendar week may need to exist hospitalized. In the infirmary, he or she volition be treated with intravenous (IV) fluids. Antibiotics may be used to treat infants, people over age 65, people with a weak immune organisation (like cancer patients), and those who take astringent diarrhea and a high fever and have the bacteria in their bloodstream.

What are the complications of salmonella?

Nearly people who become salmonella feel meliorate within a week and recover completely. It may have a few months before their bowel organisation is dorsum to normal.

In severe cases, Salmonella bacteria tin can get into the bloodstream and travel to the liver, kidneys, or other organs. When this happens, the person must be treated with antibiotics. If treatment is not started soon enough, the infection can cause death. Nearly 400 people a year die from salmonella in the United States.

Reiter'due south syndrome is a rare complication of salmonella. In this condition, the person develops joint pain, irritation of the eyes, and pain on urination. Reiter'southward syndrome tin can last for months or years and can atomic number 82 to arthritis that is difficult to treat.

Prevention

Are there other risk factors for salmonella?

Annihilation that changes the digestive tract to get in easier for Salmonella leaner to survive can increase the risk of getting the infection. These include:

Recent or extended antibiotic use. Antibiotics kill off many of the "good" leaner in the stomach and intestine, making it harder to fight off salmonella infection
Antacids. Antacids lower the breadbasket's acid level, which lets Salmonella survive better.
Inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn'due south disease or ulcerative colitis. These diseases damage the intestine lining, making it easier for Salmonella to attach and stay there.
Pets. Be especially mindful when there are both infants and pets in the house because salmonella tin exist transmitted by animals to people.

What are some tips for preventing salmonella?

When cooking, wash your hands, cutting boards, utensils, and countertops afterward they take been in contact with raw meat or poultry. Wash your easily in betwixt handling different kinds of nutrient (meat and vegetables, for example).
Wash fresh vegetables and fruit thoroughly before eating.
Melt food to the recommended rubber temperature:
- 145°F for roasts
- 160°F for ground meats
- 165°F for all poultry
Continue the refrigerator below 40°F.
- Put prepared food in the refrigerator within 30 minutes later on eating.
- Go along foods that can spoil refrigerated.
- Put fresh foods in the refrigerator promptly after grocery shopping.
Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold.
Exercise non consume or beverage foods containing raw eggs or raw (unpasteurized) milk.
Wash your hands with soap afterward handling snakes, lizards, or other reptiles; birds; or baby chicks.
- Practice not allow an infant or person with a weak immune system to affect reptiles or their environment.

Living With

When is it time to call the doctor if I accept salmonella?

Call the doctor if:

Illness lasts longer than a few days
Diarrhea is severe or bloody
A fever over 101.5°F that lasts longer than a day
The sick person is at risk for severe salmonella:
- a person age 65 or older
- an infant
- someone with a weak immune system
- someone with inflammatory bowel disease

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Source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15697-salmonella